Topic: Research

Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation.

Achten J, Gleeson M, Jeukendrup AE.

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002 Jan;34(1):92-7

Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a test protocol to determine the exercise intensity at which fat oxidation rate is maximal (Fat(max)).

Read full article: 'What is the best fat burning exercise effort?' (1928 bytes more)

Effect of the movement speed of resistance training exercises on sprint and strength performance in concurrently training elite junior sprinters.

J Sports Sci 2002 Dec;20(12):981-90

Blazevich AJ, Jenkins DG.

Department of Sport Sciences, Brunel University, UK. anthony.blazevich@brunel.ac.uk

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 7 weeks of high- and low-velocity resistance training on strength and sprint running performance in nine male elite junior sprint runners (age 19.01.4 years, best 100 m times 10.890.21 s; mean s). The athletes continued their sprint training throughout the study, but their resistance training programme was replaced by one in which the movement velocities of hip extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion and squat exercises varied according to the loads lifted (i.e. 30-50% and 70-90% of 1-RM in the high- and low-velocity training groups, respectively).

Read full article: 'High weight/low rep verses low weight/high rep - seems no difference for sprinters' (1014 bytes more)

Running economy is negatively related to sit-and-reach test performance in international-standard distance runners.

Int J Sports Med 2002 Jan;23(1):40-3

Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager, United Kingdom. a.m.jones@mmu.ac.uk

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between running economy (RE) and lower body flexibility. Thirty-four international-standard male distance runners (mean s, age 27 5 years; body mass 64.9 4.2 kg; VO(2)max 72.8 3.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) gave written consent to participate in this study. The subjects performed an incremental treadmill test for the assessment of RE, lactate threshold and VO(2)max, and the sit-and-reach test was used to assess their general lower body and trunk flexibility.

Read full article: 'Faster runners have less lower body flexibility' (1101 bytes more)

Physiological characteristics of elite short- and long-distance triathletes.

Eur J Appl Physiol 2003 Jan;88(4-5):427-30

Laboratoire 'Sport, Performance, Sante', Faculte des Sciences du Sport, 700 Avenue du pic Saint Loup, 34090, Montpellier, France, g.millet@staps.univ-montp1.fr

The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses in cycling and running of elite short-distance (ShD) and long-distance (LD) triathletes.

Read full article: 'Swimming is the key to short distance Triathlon success' (1279 bytes more)

The effect of a high carbohydrate meal on endurance running capacity.

Chryssanthopoulos C, Williams C, Nowitz A, Kotsiopoulou C, Vleck V.

Department of Physical Education, Sports Science, and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.

This study examined the effects of a pre-exercise meal and a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on endurance running capacity.

Read full article: 'Eat a high carbohydrate meal 3 hours before your marathon' (1225 bytes more)

Influence of changes in nasal ventilation on estimated workload during submaximal field running.

J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2002 Sep;42(3):295-9

BACKGROUND: Breathe Right (BR) external nasal dilator have become increasingly popular over the past few years, however, the physiological basis for using BR remains unclear. We have examined whether alteration in nasal ventilation would influence the metabolic cost of submaximal running.

Read full article: 'Breathe Right strips don't seem to help' (1261 bytes more)

Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation during combined strength and high intensity rowing training on performance.

Syrotuik DG, Game AB, Gillies EM, Bell GJ.

Can J Appl Physiol 2001 Dec;26(6):527-42

Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

This study investigated the effect of creatine monohydrate (Cr) supplementation on performance and training volume in rowers.

Read full article: 'Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation during exercise' (1219 bytes more)

The acute effects of prior cycling cadence on running performance and kinematics.

Gottschall JS, Palmer BM.

Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 354, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. gottscha@ucsu.colorado.edu

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002 Sep;34(9):1518-22

PURPOSE: To determine if cycling cadence affects subsequent running speed through changes in stride frequency.

Read full article: 'Effect of cycling cadence immediately prior to running' (1194 bytes more)

Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by running with different shoes.

Wakeling JM, Pascual SA, Nigg BM.  

Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. wakeling@kin.ucalgary.ca

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002 Sep;34(9):1529-32

PURPOSE: To provide evidence that lower-extremity muscle activity during running is tuned in response to the loading rate of the impact forces at heel-strike.

Read full article: 'Effects of different shoes on muscle activity in the lower legs' (1287 bytes more)

J Am Coll Nutr 2002 Dec;21(6):553-9

Food intake and electrolyte status of ultramarathoners competing in extreme heat.

Glace BW, Murphy CA, McHugh MP

Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma (B.W.G., M.P.M.), New York, New York.

OBJECTIVE: To relate changes in laboratory indices to dietary intake during extremely prolonged running and to determine if dietary intake influences the ability of runners to finish an 160 km trail race. METHODS: We monitored intake and serum chemistries of 26 runners competing in an 160 km foot race in temperatures which peaked at 38 degrees C. Blood was drawn pre-, mid- and post-race. Dietary intake and incidence of gastrointestinal distress or changes in mental status were determined by interview with runners approximately every 13 km. Twenty-three runners completed at least 88 kms and, of these 23 runners, 13 finished 160 km in a mean time of 26.2 3.6 hours.

Read full article: 'Food intake and electrolyte status of ultramarathoners competing in extreme heat' (2212 bytes more)